Group l base oils are the least refined of all the groups. They are usually a mix of different hydrocarbon chains with little or no uniformity. While some automotive oils on the market continue to use Group l stocks, they are generally used in less demanding applications.
Modern mineral base oils are the result of a long and complex distillation and refining processes. The feedstock used in crude oil. This substance is not of uniform quality but consists of several thousands of hydrocarbon compounds in which the elements carbon and hydrogen are present in all molecules and, in part, are bound to other elements.
The hydrocarbons can be divided into three main groups: Paraffinic, Naphthenic and Aromatic.
Paraffinic hydrocarbons can be further divided into two subgroups: normal paraffinic and isoparaffinic. Paraffinic hydrocarbons are the best lubricants. The distillation process in the refinery separates the hydrocarbons contained in the crude into cuts based on the molecule size.
Furthermore, as many unwanted substances as possible are removed in the process, such as sulphur, aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffin wax, etc. In other words the mineral oil production process is physical cleaning and the end product is so-called Paraffinic base oil.
Most of the hydrocarbons in the base oil are paraffinic, but it also contains naphthenic and aromatic molecules. When the finished lubricant, such as motor oil, is made of these, several additive compounds are used to improve the base oil properties.
The final outcome can also be so-called Naphthenic base oil., where most of the hydrocarbons are naphthenic.
- Base Oil SN600
| Test | Unit | Method | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 100 ̊C | cSt | ASTM D-445 | 12.45 |
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 40 ̊C | cSt | ASTM D-445 | 123.21 |
| Viscosity Index | — | ASTM D-2270 | 90.9 |
| Density @ 15 ̊C | gr/cm³ | ASTM D-1298 | 0.8913 |
| Tan | mg KOH/gr | ASTM D-664 | 0.04 |
| Pour Point | ֯ C | ASTM D-97 | Min -6 |
| Flash Point | ֯ C | ASTM D-92 | Max 268 |
| Color | — | ASTM D-1500 | 1.6 |
| Water Content | ppm | ASTM D-1364 | 17 |
- Base Oil SN150
| Characteristic | Unit | Method | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinematic Viscosity @ 100 ̊C | cSt | ASTM D-445 | 5-6 |
| Viscosity Index | — | ASTM D-2270 | Min 95 |
| Flash Point | ֯ C | ASTM D-92 | Min 200 |
| Pour Point | ֯ C | ASTM D-97 | -6 |
| Density @ 15 ̊C | gr/cm³ | ASTM D-1298 | 0.840 |
| Sulphur Content | wt % | ASTM D-2622 | 0.5 |
| Color | — | ASTM D-1500 | 1 |
| Noack | wt % | ASTM D-5800 | Max 15 |
| Carbon Residue Content | wt % | ASTM D-189 | 0.05 |